Hanoi is the second most populous locality in the country and has the second highest population density among 63 provinces and cities directly under the Central Government, creating great pressure on the capital's socio-economic development.
Currently, Hanoi has a population density of 2,398 people/km2, 8.2 times higher than the national population density. Hanoi is currently the second most populous city in the country (after Ho Chi Minh City) with an average population in 2021 of 8,330,834 people, the annual mechanical population growth rate at 1.4%/year.
In term of district, with an area of ​​about 9.95km2, including 21 wards with a population of over 410,000 people, Dong Da is the district with the highest population density in Hanoi today. On average, Dong Da district has a population density of more than 40,000 people/km2, the highest in Hanoi. The following district is Thanh Xuan district with more than 33,000/km2. In addition, Hai Ba Trung and Cau Giay districts are also with high population density in Hanoi. The population density in Hanoi is quite high, but the population distribution is not uniform, the population gap between districts and districts, between urban and rural areas and even between suburban districts is still quite large. For example, Hoang Mai, the district with the largest population in Hanoi, has a density of only about 13,000 people/km2.
Hanoi has reached the replacement level of fertility, at the same time, the birth rate of the third child or more has decreased compared to each year, but it is not yet sustainable. The birth rate of the third child or more exceeding the assigned target decreased by 0.35% compared to 2021. The sex ratio at birth was 110.8 boys/100 girls. The rate of prenatal screening in 2022 will reach 88.92% (beyond the assigned target). The newborn screening rate in 2022 will reach 87.8%.
According to the general planning on construction of the capital in the socio-economic development strategy of Hanoi city to 2030, with a vision to 2050, issued by the Prime Minister under Decision No. 222/QD-TTg, setting targets that by 2020, Hanoi's population will reach 7.9 - 8 million people, by 2030 about 9.2 million people. Hanoi's population has increased by 1.6 million people compared to 2009. With an average growth rate of 2.2%/year, by 2030 the population is estimated to be more than 9.7 million people (close to the projected population by 2050), far exceeding expectations, creating great pressure in all social, economic and geographical areas.
On a bigger picture, the population density varies significantly throughout Vietnam. The newly updated statistics from authorities show that the Red River Delta and the Southeast are the two regions with the highest population density in Vietnam, respectively 1,091 people/km2 and 778 people/km2. The Northern Midlands and Mountains and the Central Highlands are the two regions with the lowest population densities: 136 people/km2 and 111 people/km2. Among 63 provinces and cities nationwide, Lai Chau is the locality with the lowest population density of 53 people/km2. Ho Chi Minh City is the locality with the highest population density in the country with 4,375 people/km2. The population density of Ho Chi Minh City is 14.73 times higher than the whole country (the average is 297 people/km2).
Source: the Internet